Solution to March 2001 Problem

We received four beautiful solutions this month. Here they are, in alphabetical order.

  1. Solution by Leticia Gimeno (Spain).

    If we draw radii to the points corresponding to 12:00, 8:00 and 4:00, we will obtain six curvilinear triangles, each with a straight side, a concave side, and a congruent convex side. We take an adjacent pair of them (such as pieces 2 and 3) and place them so that the convex arc of one fits into the concave arc of the other: we can that the straight lines of both pieces are parallel. It seems that we've chosen a good way.



    Now we place three more pieces together, fitting the convex arc of one of them into the concave arc of the pieces that we've already joined in a way so that straight lines are always parallel. Finally, we take the sixth piece and cut it along a line that goes from 6:00 perpendicular to the opposite boundary (the line from the center to 4:00).



    We obtain two smaller pieces (labeled 5 and 6), both having two straight sides and one curved, but on piece 5 the curved arc is concave and on the other convex. We fit the concave arc of 5 with the convex arc of the pieces we've already joined, then fit piece 6 into the other side (fitting together as the white regions in the first figure), and we have built a rectangle. [This rectangle measures by 3.]

  2. Solution by Normand Laliberté (Ontario).
    (Translated from the French.)

    To show: A by 3 rectangle can be formed (when the given circle has unit radius).

    Consider the triangle formed by the center 0 of the circle and the points corresponding to 8 and 12. It is equilateral (because all the angles are 60 degrees). Note that the arc subtended by the chord 8-10 (joining 8 to 10) is congruent to either of the arcs bounding the shaded region split in two by the radius 0-10. Thus, cutting along 8-10 and rotating 60 degrees about the point 10 we can cover half the shaded region with the circular segment, which transforms the curvilinear triangle into a proper equilateral triangle. Its vertices are 0, 8, and 10, its height is , and its base is 1.



    Repeating the process with the other five regions we obtain 6 congruent equilateral triangles. String 5 of them in a line alternately pointing up and down; finally, cut the sixth triangle in half along its altitude and place a half at either end, thus forming a rectangle whose height is and base is 3.



  3. Solution by Juan Mir Pieras (Spain).

    A construction without words! [Note that this rectangle measures by 3/2.]



  4. Solution by Alexander Potapenko (Russia).

    Let's connect center of the unit circle to the "even hours" (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12). We will obtain 6 sectors, or if we cut off the circular segments -- 6 equilaterial triangles. (A circular segment is a figure bounded by a chord of the circle and the arc it determines.) It's easy to prove that each of these segments we cut off is equal to a shaded segment in each triangle (the same radius and base). Therefore we can put cut segments into shaded ones. So we have transformed our figure into 6 equilateral triangles. It is very easy to combine them into a rectangle - just line them up and bisect one of them (as in solution 2).

Comment. We took March's problem from Which Way Did the Bicycle Go? by J. Konhauser, D. Velleman, and S. Wagon (published by the Math. Association of America) Their published solution uses only six pieces, which is probably the minimum required for a rectangle. It is much like our solution 3, but with fewer cuts: